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About the Yoga Styles:
There are so many types of yoga being taught today. As well, many
of the terms associated with yoga are used in a variety of ways, quite
often
with significant divergence from their traditional meanings.
Yogi Seeker, therefore, cannot guarantee that the descriptions
of all the following yoga types will accurately represent the
interpretations and practices of all those
who use them. You are advised to contact each yoga teacher individually
to ascertain
their practices, methods and teachings.
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| Yoga Style Index |
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Traditional Yoga
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Bhakti Yoga
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The term “Bhakti” itself simply means “devotion”. Thus, Bhakti Yoga is the “yoga of universal love”, of abnegation and self-offering to the Supreme — otherwise referred to as the “yoga of devotion”. Here we find the practice of cultivating a humble and devoted service to the Divine, highest nature. The Bhakti yogi, through overflowing and indiscriminate, self-less love, breaks the bonds of the ego and experiences the unity of all things.
Some of the greatest Hindu mystics, such as Jayadeva were Bhakti yogis.
Lord Krishna said:
”I love the peaceful devotee who is neither a source of agitation in the world, nor agitated by the world. The Bhakti is one who is friendly and compassionate to all, free of fear, envy, hatred, and other annoyances that the world brings, who accepts the knocks that come their way as blessings in disguise.”
— Bhagavad Gita, Ch 12, V15
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Classical Yoga
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Classical Yoga is a term that signifies an approach to yoga in keeping with the traditional spiritual teachings of India. Classical Yoga recognizes spiritual transcendence as an evolutionary process which comes from an exploration of the self on all levels, the physical, mental, emotional, and higher spiritual. Recognizing yoga as a “way of life”, Classical Yoga is built upon a firm foundation of moral and ethical living, and involves the cultivation of a lifestyle conducive to health, harmony and transcendence.
Over the ages, many schools of Yoga have developed, each with their own particular approach, and their teachings continue to be passed down through lineages (known as paramparai) of gurus, teachers and disciples. At essence, any yoga style that rightly claims the designation of “Classical” has its philosophy, regardless of approach, firmly rooted in the ancient Vedic culture of India.
The term Classical Ashtanga Yoga is also synonymous with the Ashtanga Yoga system as codified by Sage Patanjali in his classical treatise, the Yoga Sutras, a text that outlines an 8-fold path guiding the student to the ultimate goal of Yoga, which is self-realization.
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Japa Yoga
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The word Japa is derived from the Sanskrit root “jap”, meaning "to utter in a low voice or repeat internally”. Japa Yoga is the repetition of a specific word, mantra or bija (seed sound) such as the Pranava AUM.
Japas can be performed verbally (vacika) or silently, which is a practice known as Ajapa Yoga. When the repetition is performed verbally on an exhale and mentally (silently) on the inhale, this is additionally referred to as Ajapa-Japa.
Furthermore, if a particular mantra, bija or symbol is written over and over again, this is known as Likhita Yoga. In this practice, the student practices silence (mauna), concentrating intently upon the meaning of the mantra (bija, symbol, etc.) while writing it.
In this way, written mantra is considered more powerful than verbal (Japa) mantra and silent (Ajapa) much more powerful still.
This yoga is used for mental purification and is considered to be the best yoga practice for the current age of Kali Yuga.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Jnana Yoga
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Jnana (or Gnana) means “wisdom”. This is the “yoga of knowledge”, where knowledge is not an intellectual process that comes from books or teaching, but rather as the consequence of direct experience and intuition resulting from a deep study of the “inner life”. Its practice consists of various contemplative and meditative kriyas, with the main objective being the development of the mind, discernment, and a sharp and pure intellect unclouded by flawed logic and conditioning. This leads one toward an attitude of detached, impartial witnessing toward the unfolding events of life. In this way the Jnani endeavors to discover the underlying truth behind every “lived experience”.
This Yoga could also be described as the “yoga of fusion” with the superior energies of the mind and intuition. Jnana Yoga is solitary work. This is the yoga of the Upanishads (books of the Vedas), and that yoga which closely approaches the Vedantic philosophy.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Hatha Yoga
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“Hatha” is one of the most recognizable and popular “yoga words” in the West today, often used in very broad and generalized ways to refer to physical yoga practices of some form or another. Traditional Hatha Yoga is a holistic yogic path, including moral disciplines, physical exercises and Pranayama. The Hatha yoga predominantly practiced in the West consists of mostly asanas (postures) and exercise.
In essence, Hatha Yoga is based on the balancing of the fundamental polarities of the being, the solar (+) and lunar (-) energies. The word Hatha itself is derived from the Sanskrit terms “Ha” and “Tha”, meaning sun and moon, referring to the two primary energies Prana and Apana. Its aim is the recovery and maintenance of perfect health, the development of the mind and its mastery over the body, and perfect control over the vital energies.
With respect to the Ashtanga (8-limbed) Yoga system of Patanjali, Hatha Yoga can be loosely seen to encompass the first four of the bahiranga (outer disciplines), namely yama and niyama (morals and ethics), asana and pranayama. Though in a broader sense, Hatha Yoga is a complete system of bodily health which encompasses the physical cleansing kriyas such as the shat karmas (the six cleansing actions), diet and hygiene, and the physical yoga techniques of asana, pranayama, bandha and mudra. The asanas, pranayamas, bandhas and mudras are techniques for the control not only of the body, but the mind as well, and thus this discipline represents an essential preparation for the higher (inner) stages of Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga, referred to as the antaranga (inner disciplines).
The ultimate aim of these physical practices is the arousal and control of the “vital energy” stored in the conus medullaris at the base of the spine. Awareness of this “spiritual energy” is essential in yoga. It is this energy which “lifts the being” to higher levels of awareness and experience, and therefore, all of the practices of Hatha Yoga center around preparing the body to facilitate the upward flowing of this “psychic prana”.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Karma Yoga
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Karma Yoga recognizes that spiritual awareness and evolution can be attained through one’s actions in life. The Bhagavad Gita is the classical text on Karma Yoga, in which Lord Krishna instructs Arjuna, before the commencement of the great battle at Kurukshetra, on duty and self-less action. The karma yogi, then, performs his/her actions not out of desire for personal gain but out of rightness and benefit for all. This consecration of the fruits of one’s action to the Divine is what is known as self-less action. Karma Yoga, however, requires more than merely “good intensions”. One must have right knowledge of their actions and an understanding of the “cause and effect” relationships.
Unclouded by ignorance, desire and attachment, the karma yogi always performs the right action, at the right time, in the right manner, releasing him/herself from the bonds of the law of karma. In this way, the karma yogi finds liberation through active involvement in the world.
The term Karma Yoga is often used to refer to the giving of one’s time or professional services to the needy or in support of some benevolent organization. This is more aptly termed Seva Yoga, or the yoga of selfless service. Though this type of activity is often grouped in with Karma Yoga, one should not lose site of the higher aspects of Karma Yoga, that it isn’t merely a singular action performed at a specific time and place, but an unbroken selfless and discerning approach to life.
“The salt of life is self-less service. The bread of life is universal love. Life is not fully lived, life has not been fully realized, if you do not serve and love the entire humanity. The secret of true life is in the love of God and the service of humanity. Live to help others. The Divine power will stream through you as a life-giving force.”
— Swami Sivananda
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Kriya Yoga
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This is the “yoga of extreme purification”. Most commonly, Kriya Yoga is taught as a system of practices for bodily cleansing and purification. However, purification in Kriya Yoga happens on many levels of the being, including the energetic (pranic) as well as the mental and higher psychic dimensions. The common “bodily purification” techniques known as kriyas, which includes practices for purifying the nadis (subtle channels) and energetic systems, actually fall within the discipline of Hatha Yoga.
Kriya Yoga, in its essence, refers to a process of purification at the higher level of the mind. This relates, within the Ashtanga Yoga system of Patanjali, to the first two of the eight limbs; namely yama and niyama (morals and ethics). Thus, Kriya Yoga, as it pertains to the re-organization of one’s attitudes and beliefs, and the purification of the mental plane, is considered the preliminary step toward yoga (ultimate union of the individuality with the Universality).
Yet other forms of unique kriyas function further at the “intermediate” level of pratyahara (withdrawal of the senses), the transition from outer to inner yoga, to guide the senses away from the outer world so that the yogi may then proceed into the higher stages of inner (antaranga) yoga.
Today the term Kriya Yoga is often used to refer to the technique, as introduced by Paramahansa Yogananda and the Kriya Yoga line of teachers descended from Lahiri Mahasaya, and is distinguished by a unique technique of Kriya Pranayamas for the purpose of controlling the "Life-Force" and ultimately coaxing it to ascend.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Kundalini Yoga
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Kundalini Yoga aims at the arousal and directing upward of the colossal latent power known as Kundalini, which resides at the base of the spine, at the level of Muladhara Chakra.
The yogis emphasize that one’s body (physical and energetic) must be adequately prepared in order to handle this immense force, or else irreparable damage may occur. Thus, through a carefully developed system of kriyas and prakriyas, and training in the awareness and control of the higher energies, the yoga student is carefully conditioned. This (kundalini) force must then be carefully brought under the control of the mind by higher disciplines in yoga, which include advanced pranayamas (breathing techniques), dharana (concentration) and dhyana (meditation). Because of the powerful nature of kundalini, this yoga must be learned and practiced under the guidance of a qualified and experienced guru.
The term Kundalini Yoga was popularized in the West by Sikh Yogi Bhajan who, in 1969, began teaching a group of practices designed to awaken the dormant kundalini energy. This Kundalini Yoga, propagated through the 3HO Foundation, mixes chanting, breathing practices, and various yoga exercises, with the purpose of freeing energy in the lower body and allowing it to move upwards.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Laya Yoga
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Laya Yoga belongs to the Tantric
school of yoga. In Laya Yoga the energies associated with the various centres of force (chakras) are gradually dissolved or assimilated through the ascent of the Kundalini Shakti.
Laya means “absorbing and dissolving” or “melting”. Thus, this is often referred to as the yoga of absorption or absorbing of the lower nature by higher divine spiritual forces.
Philosophically the spiritual aim of Laya Yoga begins with the recognition of the unity or oneness of everything. Thus, the state of Laya represents the melting or dissolving of the sense of separate self (ego) into the truth of the unity and oneness of all. The state of absorption (Laya) thus allows one to achieve ananda (bliss) and the experience of transcendental consciousness. The Laya state of yoga is described as the merging of one single soul (atman) into the Absolute or Universality — the re-unification of the self with God (or Universal Consciousness).
Laya Yoga is often viewed as a mystic tradition, which involves the use of mantras, mudras, yantras, and intensive meditations to dissolve the mind in transcendental Bliss.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Mudra Yoga
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The Sanskrit word Mudra comes from the root Mud, which means “to commune or to bring together”. It literally means “joining (of the Lower Self with the Higher Self)”, and is represented in a facet of yoga, called Mudra Yoga.
In simple terms, the word mudra is translated to mean “gesture” or “seal”. Though these “gestures” are mainly thought of as specific hand positions, they can take form using many body parts and positions. A mudra can represent a gesture of the fingers, the hands, the neck and throat, within the oral cavity, the anus, or the entire body. Thus, mudra would not be traditionally considered a branch of yoga itself, but rather a class of practices which would be seen as a key component of the Hatha Yoga
tradition.
These gestures are at once energetically as well as physiologically relevant. From an energetic perspective, mudras help to create or accentuate particular pranic currents through the body during the practice of asanas and pranayama
. In general, we could say that mudras are performed in order to both close body apertures, as well as to complete subtle circuits of energy flow, in order to contain and to direct the flow of energy in desired ways. As a yoga practice becomes more advanced, mudras become increasingly important for controlling and guiding the pranic energy which is being absorbed by the body during the physical techniques.
Physiologically, mudras can affect nerve impulses and blood flow, as well as stimulate glandular activity, and are also used to intensify the effects of different pranayamas.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Patanjali Ashtanga Yoga
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The term “Ashtanga Yoga” refers to an eight-fold path, as organised by Sage Patanjali, the author of the Yoga Sutras, to outline the certain steps or “levels of progress” that one must follow on the yogic path in order to reach the ultimate goal of Self-Realization (or Realisation of God). Thus, Ashtanga Yoga is a comprehensive system for the attainment of ultimate spiritual unity which has been tried and proven by countless yoga masters over the ages. This system can loosely be seen to encompass three schools of yoga: Kriya Yoga, Hatha Yoga, and Raja Yoga.
A great deal of confusion often resides around the term ashtanga, as many practitioners and teachers use the same this word to refer to a popular gymnastic/cardiovascular group of yoga practices being taught today. This “fitness-based system” is also synonymous with the term “Ashtanga Yoga” or “Mysore Ashtanga Yoga”. However, this system of exercise is NOT what is traditionally meant by the term “Ashtanga Yoga” and one should be aware of this to avoid confusion. For this reason, the 8-limb Yoga of Patanjali is now often referred to as “Classical Ashtanga”, or even “Classical Yoga”.
It should be known that Patanjali, even though he is often referred to as the father of Ashtanga Yoga, himself did not invent this system. He merely codified the contemporary spiritual thought of his time into as systematic, scientific form of spiritual study, summarized in the 196 aphorisms of his well-known Yoga Sutras.
These Ashtanga, or 8 limbs of yoga are:
1. Yama - The moral observances that are necessary for achieving a condition of deep harmony with other beings.
2. Niyama - The ethical observances necessary for achieving a condition of deep balance within one’s self.
3. Asana - the physical poses or postures, which affect the being on many different levels, from physical, energetic, and mental/emotional, to higher psychic connections.
4. Pranayama - the use of the breath as a primary tool for control and manipulation of the life-giving, universal energy known as Prana.
5. Pratyahara - the stage of withdrawal of the attention into oneself.
6. Dharana - the wilful act of concentration of the mind, or the efforts of the mind to remain focused upon one point.
7. Dhyana - meditation or the state of “mystic absorption”.
8. Samadhi - the state of super consciousness characterized by the complete absorption of the individual self into the absolute, universal consciousness.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Raja Yoga
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Raja Yoga is classified as one of the four traditional branches of yoga under the Vedic system. It is a graduated system of yoga which takes the student through the necessary levels of physical, mental and psychic preparations to the highest state of Self-Awareness.
Raja means “highest”, and is also the sanskrit word for “king”. Thus Raja Yoga is “the Highest Yoga”, whose practices are primarily concerned with the mind. The mind is traditionally conceived as the "king" of the psycho-physical structure. Because of the relationship between the mind and the body, the body must be first "tamed" through self-discipline and purified by various means. Thus, Raja Yoga is also referred to as “Royal Yoga”, or the “King of Yogas”.
The term Raja Yoga is often used synonymously with the Classical Ashtanga Yogaof Patanjali, though within the field of Raja Yoga, many other of the schools of yoga are also considered to reside, all geared toward fusion of the being with the greater Macrocosm. This includes, among others, the Tantric Yoga schools of Yoga, as well as Kundalini Yoga, Mantra Yoga and Yantra Yoga.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Tantric Yoga
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Tantra is the ancient Indian science of energy activation and control, based on the Shiva-Shakti principle of polar energies similar to the concepts of solar and lunar energies in Hatha Yoga. Its aim is to remove the separation of these energies within the human Being so that the cosmic union may become a direct and intuitive experience. The term tantra however, is often misunderstood and carries with it several connotations today, many of which revolve around sex.
There are two major divisions or paths in Tantra - the Vama Marga (left hand path) and the Dakshina Marga (right hand path). Vama marga tantra deals with principles of energy in a materialistic, exoteric and literal manner, whereas the Dakshina Marga (right hand) deals with them in a subtler, esoteric and more refined manner. Vama marga is a potentially dangerous form of this school of Yoga, while Dakshina marga can be seen as a more elevated, evolutionary path.
The Dakshina Margis of the evolutionary school interpret the directives of the Tantras and Agamas (classical tantric texts) in a metaphorically sense, cultivating a body practices to awaken the kundalini energy, along with internal rituals and symbolic concentrations and meditations which lead to a harmonizing of all the energies of the Being and transcendence to higher states of awareness. The Vama Margis practice entirely different rituals, as they understand the teachings in a literal manner. Hence, the Vama Margis break social taboos, which may be justified by understanding that their goal is not sensual gratification, but self-transcendence in the context of bodily existence. But this is a dangerous path for the uninitiated, and too often misunderstood and grossly misused. Tantra has its own fully developed secret language (Sandha Bhashya) and unless the student fully understands this language, he may lose himself in the body rather than transcend it. For this very reason, it is widely regarded that the practice of tantra should never be approached except under the guidance of a qualified and realized guru.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Yantra Yoga
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The Sanskrit root word Yan means “change”. Tra refers to a “tool”, thus the word yantra can be literally translated to mean a “tool of (for) change”.
Yantra is the arcane science of “number, name and form”. It is a subset of Jyotish (Vedic Astrology), which interprets the inherent mathematical/numeric structures that are the fundamental organization of the Universe (also known as sacred geometry), those forms, structures and relationships which also lie deep within the collective unconscious of man.
The term yantra is most commonly used in connection with complex geometrical forms (rupa) which serve as meditation devices (mandala dharana). These geometric structures impart a hidden or concealed meaning and serve as keys to unlock latent human powers and energies. When one has the key to the meaning encoded within the geometric/mathematical structure of a yantra, powerful knowledge is gained.
Yantra then, is a spiritual exploration through mathematics, a sophisticated meditation upon numbers which systematically analyses the manifest world of number, name and form, and explores their relationships. The “science of being hidden behind form”, yantra provides a method by which to know one’s self better, to understand one’s purpose in life, and to learn to live “in tune” with the ever-changing cycles of nature, rather than “out of tune” with them.
The foremost exponent of the esoteric science of Yantra Yoga is the late Swami Gitananda Giri Gurumaharaj
, of Pondicherry India.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Contemporary Yoga Styles
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Amrit Yoga
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Developed by Yogi Amrit Desai (the founder of Kripalu Yoga), Amrit Yoga is “meditation in motion”, a practice which integrates joyful inner stillness with effortless outer action in the world — helping the practitioner to learn to live in harmony and alignment.
Amrit Yoga is a deeply mindful practice, combining the elements of Hatha Yoga and Raja Yoga, cultivating inward focus and meditative awareness along with the practice of postures and pranayamas.
Beginning in Stage 1, with a dynamic routine of 26 classic postures, the practitioner gradually moves through Stages 2 and 3 to develop the ability to profoundly access energy through intuitively guided, meditative posture flow. The intent is to release “inner tensions” and allow the practitioner to arrive at a deep, heart-centred state of peaceful integration.
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Anahata Yoga
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Anahata Yoga is a “meditative” interpretation of Hatha Yoga developed by Ana Costa. The focus of Anahata Yoga is the opening of the anahata chakra, or heart center, simultaneously correcting bad posture, opening the chest, shoulders and lungs, and allowing the life force to flow into the body.
Anahata prescribes a flow of exercises, postures and short meditations. As a rule, the flow is not designed to be physically taxing, but rather to encourage full breathing, heart awakening, and calmness. Breathing in unison with movement is emphasized.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org
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Ananda Yoga
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Ananda Yoga is a gentle yoga that combines breath awareness, affirmations, and yoga postures to move from body awareness through energy awareness to, finally, silent, inner awareness. Its objective is to harmonize body, mind, and emotions, and ultimately to attune oneself with higher levels of awareness. The use of affirmations while in the asanas (postures) is a distinct feature of Ananda Yoga.
This yoga style was developed by an American named Donald J. Walters, also known as Swami Kriyananda, who was a direct disciple of Paramhansa Yogananda.
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Anusara Yoga
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Founded in 1997 by John Friend, Anusara Yoga combines a strong emphasis on physical alignment with a philosophy that believes in the intrinsic goodness of all beings. Anusara classes are usually light-hearted and accessible to students of differing abilities. Poses are taught in a way that opens the heart, both physically and mentally, while props are often used to aid in the practice.
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Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
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Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga, also known as Mysore Yoga, Mysore Ashtanga Yoga, or simply as Ashtanga Yoga, is a rigorous system of yoga-based physical exercises developed by K. Pattabhi Jois of Mysore India, designed to build strength, flexibility, and stamina.
Its practice consists of a set series of poses, which are always performed in the same order. Students move from one posture to the next in a continual flow linking movements to breath (called a vinyasa). Ashtanga Vinyasa is very physically demanding. There are six levels, or “series” of practices, each one more advanced in its physical components than the previous. After reaching a level of proficiency in one series, students graduate to the next level, which they then continue to practice to perfection.
Much confusion and misunderstanding about the word “Ashtanga” has developed in the West as a result of the many practitioners who continue to use this term in various ways. As such, this system referred to as Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga should not be confused with the Classical Ashtanga Yoga (or 8-limb path) of Maharishi Patanjali.
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Bikram Yoga
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Bikram Yoga was developed by Bikram Choudhury. Its practice is characterized by a series of 26 postures and two breathing exercises which are guided by specific dialogue from the teacher and performed during a 90 minute class, in a room heated to 105°F (40.5°C) with a humidity of 40%.
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Children's Yoga
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The Term Children’s Yoga (or Kid’s Yoga) is applied in various ways, generally referring to classes and/or programs specifically designed for children. These classes and programs can encompass a wide variety of practices and activities, usually designed and structured according to the individual teacher or yoga studio. Thus, one should contact the yoga provider directly to gain specific information about the Children’s Yoga classes or programs that they offer.
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Dru Yoga
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Dru comes from the Sanskrit word Druvam, which means fixed, immovable, in one place — essentially referring to a state of stillness within the mind and heart which remains unaffected by the external world.
Dru Yoga is based upon soft, flowing movements along with controlled breathing and visualisations. The primary intentions of this practice are the relief of stress, strengthening the core stability and building a feeling of empowerment and sense of overall wellbeing.
One of the cornerstones of this whole process is the development of heart power, with many of the postures and sequences designed to activate the anahata chakra (heart centre). Another of the keystones of Dru Yoga is in a process called energy block release.
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Flow Yoga
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Flow is a generic term that has become extremely popular in Western yoga culture. Flow Yoga refers to the integration of movement with deep abdominal breathing, based primarily on basic Hatha Yoga postures. The style of practice and techniques given in Flow Yoga can vary greatly according to the individual teacher.
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Gitananda Yoga
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Originally referred to as Rishiculture Ashtanga Yoga, Gitananda Yoga is based upon the teaching of Swami Gitananda Giri Gurumaharaj of Pondicherry India. Trained in modern allopathic medicine, he combined the ancient traditional spiritual sciences with a modern scientific temperament. One of his foremost messages was, "Yoga is a way of life."
The teachings are based upon clear, rational, scientific expositions of ancient philosophical and spiritual concepts, laid upon a firm foundation of The Classical Ashtanga Yoga of sage Patanjali, and brought forth within the lineage of the Bengali tantric tradition of his own guru, Sri Kanakananda Swamigal.
Gitananda Yoga includes a complete and rational system of Hatha Yoga practices which provide a base for the higher techniques. For those who prepared themselves properly, Swami Gitananda’s Yoga provides a complete system of Jnana Yoga techniques to purify, steady and cultivate the mind, and free it of hang-ups and false concepts and conditions. For those who are able to concentrate and purify themselves sufficiently, Gitananda Yoga offers an amazing path of Raja Yoga practices, which initiate the disciple into the psychic world of the higher spiritual energies.
Source: http://www.icyer.com
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Hot Yoga
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Once synonymous with Bikram Yoga, Hot Yoga has now become a recognizable practice itself. Performed in much the same manner as Bikram Yoga, Hot Yoga utilizes a heated room for the performance of various asanas (postures). The essential difference between Hot Yoga and Bikram Yoga is that Hot Yoga is not subject to the strict performance of the 26 specific asanas and the accompanying verbal script which is characteristic of Bikram Yoga. Thus, the actual techniques and methodology of Hot Yoga can vary according to each particular teacher.
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Integral Yoga
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This school of yoga is associated with two prominent figures. It was developed by Swami Satchidananda, who came to prominence at the famed Woodstock Festival in 1969, and his student, Dr. Dean Ornish, who uses Integral Yoga as part of his treatment of heart patients.
Integral is a gentle Hatha Yoga practice which also places emphasis on pranayama (control of breath), Kriya Yoga, chanting (mantra) and meditation.
To avoid confusion, be aware that Integral Yoga is also the term used by Sri Aurobindo of Pondicherry India to refer to his teachings of the union of all the parts of one's being with the Divine, and the transmutation of all of one’s elements into a harmonious state of higher, Divine Consciousness. He describes the nature and practice of Integral Yoga in his opus The Synthesis of Yoga.
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ISHTA Yoga
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ISHTA Yoga was created by Alan Finger and his father, Kavi Yogi Sivananda Mani Finger, in the late 1960s in South Africa. ISHTA Yoga proclaims to be "a physical and spiritual form of yoga that addresses the individual needs of each student who practices it”. ISHTA stands for the Integrated Science of Hatha, Tantra, and Ayurveda. It blends Hatha Yoga postures, breathing and meditation/mental focusing techniques in a manner that ranges from slow movement to more vigorous series that promote sweating.
According to it’s founder, Alan Finger, “ISHTA Yoga embraces elements from a variety of styles and seeks to help its students discover the exact blend of postures, breathing, and meditation techniques necessary to bring out their fullest potential."
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Iyengar Yoga
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Iyengar Yoga, created by BKS Iyengar of India, is one of the most popular styles of yoga in the world today. It is characterized by both a focus on precision of physical alignment, as well as by its use of props, such as belts, blocks, cushions, straps and benches as aids in performing the postures. Iyengar Yoga usually emphasizes holding poses over long periods versus moving quickly from one pose to the next (flow), stressing the development of strength, stamina, flexibility, balance and concentration.
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Jivamukti Yoga
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Jivamukti Yoga is a method of yoga that was created by David Life and Sharon Gannon in 1984. Jiva is the sanskrit word which refers to the “individual soul”, while mukti means “liberation”.
This yoga style emphasizes vigorous asanas (poses), which are performed in a Vinyasa-style series, but also includes meditation, chanting (mantra), and uplifting music. Each class has a theme, which is explored through yoga scripture, chanting, meditation, asana, pranayama and music.
Jivamukti Yoga was initially popularized in New York City, where it began, and today finds popularity with many celebrities in Hollywood and beyond.
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Kali Ray TriYoga
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Kali Ray TriYoga was founded by American Kali Ray. It brings posture, breath and focus together to create what its teachers refer to as dynamic and intuitive flows. The Tri Yoga flows combine flowing movements and sustained postures which emphasize spinal wavelike movements, economy of motion, synchronization with the breath and the use of various mudras (gestures). The “flows” are systematized into 7 levels, and students may progress from basics to advanced as they increase their flexibility, strength, endurance and knowledge of the flows.
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Kripalu Yoga
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Developed by Yogi Amrit Desai, Kripalu Yoga emphasizes proper breath, alignment, coordinating breath and movement, and “honouring the wisdom of the body.” Students learn to focus on the physical and psychological reactions caused by various postures to develop their awareness of mind, body, emotion and spirit.
Kripalu takes the student through three stages beginning with the steady practice of postures (stage one), then holding the postures longer and developing concentration and inner awareness (stage two), and finally surrendering to the body’s own wisdom (stage three), whereby the movement from one posture to another occurs spontaneously and unconsciously.
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Laughter Yoga
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Laughter Yoga is a physically oriented technique that uses a blend of playful, empowering and otherwise "tension-releasing" simple laughter exercises. With gentle yoga-breathing and stretching exercises, rhythmic clapping and chanting of “Ho Ho Ha Ha Ha” in unison, a simulated laughter turns into real laughter. Laughter Yoga is done as a way to improve health, increase well-being and promote peace and harmony.
A typical Laughter Yoga session lasts about 20 to 30 minutes. The session may be adapted to suit the needs, abilities and motivations of the group participating.
The Laughter Yoga method is the brainchild of Dr. Madan Kataria, a family physician from Mumbai, India, who started the first laughter club in 1995.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org
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Mysore Yoga
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See Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga.
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Power Yoga
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Power Yoga is a Western version of Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga made popular by Beryl Bender Birch. If a class is described as Power Yoga, it will be based on the flowing style of Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga, but may not necessarily keep strictly to the set series of poses prescribed in that style.
As with Ashtanga Vinyasa, Power Yoga is a dynamic, challenging and sweat-inducing practice that primarily promotes physical fitness.
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Pre/Post-Natal Yoga
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“Pre” and “Post Natal” Yoga are generic terms which refer to any yoga class designed for women during pregnancy (Prenatal) or after delivery (Postnatal). The actual structure, style and system of practices employed during these classes will vary according to the training and approach of the individual teacher, and therefore you are advised to contact the yoga provider directly to gain specific information about the classes or programs that they offer.
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Satyananda Yoga
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Satyananda Yoga is a school of yoga founded by Swami Satyananda, a disciple of Swami Sivananda of Rishikesh. The headquarters for the organization is in Bihar, India, with followers and teachers in many countries around the world.
Satyananda Yoga is a traditional form of yoga that includes asanas, pranayama, tantric practices, cleansing practices, mind focusing practices, pratyahara and meditation. Another distinctive element of Satyananda Yoga is a technique referred to as Yoga Nidra, which endeavours to systematically relax the body and the mind, and eventually help one’s consciousness to move beyond the mind.
Satyananda Yoga is a comprehensive system of yoga which includes Hatha, Raja, Karma, Jnana, Mantra and Bhakti Yoga, as well as other branches and presents them in a unified package that aims to integrate of all aspects of one’s being in a way which is meaningful & relevant to modern day life.
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Siddha Yoga
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Siddha Yoga is a movement that was founded in the 1970s by Swami Muktananda, a Hindu guru from India, and has ashram and centers in many countries around the world today.
The main practices of Siddha Yoga include meditation, mantra chanting, seva, dakshina (holy offering), satsang (teachings) and darshan (holy audience). The form of meditation practiced is silent with attention focused on a mantra and/or on the flow of breath.
The Siddha Yoga tradition draws many of its teachings from the Indian yogic texts of Vedanta and Kashmir Shaivism, the Bhagavad Gita and the poet-saints of India.
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Sivananda Yoga
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Sivananda Yoga was developed by Vishnu-Devananda, who named it after his own teacher, Swami Sivananda of Rishikesh. The first Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Center was founded in 1957. There are now close to 80 locations worldwide, including several ashram retreats.
This style of yoga focuses on pranayama, classic asanas, and relaxation, and includes diet, positive thinking and meditation. Sivananda Yoga practice consists of twelve basic poses that seek to increase strength, flexibility, proper breathing, and ease in meditation. A typical yoga session also includes the practice of sun salutation and incorporates mantra chanting, meditation, and deep relaxation.
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Svaroopa Yoga
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Svaroopa Yoga was developed by Rama Berch. It is a therapeutic style of Hatha Yoga that teaches significantly different ways of doing familiar poses, emphasizing a deep opening in the muscles around the spine. While focusing on alignment, props are often used to help the student relax into the pose, allowing it to have an effect.
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Svastha Yoga
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Svastha Yoga was developed by A.G. Mohan and his wife Indra, to teach yoga and ayurveda based upon the teachings of his guru, Sri T. Krishnamacharya.
In Svastha Yoga, asanas (postures), along with proper breathing practices, are sequenced to build both strength and flexibility harmoniously. The sequences taught progress from simple to more challenging, incorporating both dynamic and static postures. It is used as a means to promote structural health by improving both strength and flexibility in the spine, and to bring about mental steadiness by focusing on proper breathing.
Svastha Yoga emphasises a personal approach to the practice of yoga and ayurveda. Thus, Svastha Yoga approaches each person as a unique individual, honouring their different needs, goals and limitations.
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Taoist Yoga
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Taoist Yoga is a system of invigorating exercises designed to develop strength, flexibility and balance, and to enhance the flow of energy in the body.
The postures and exercises of modern Taoist Yoga are similar to those of Hatha Yoga, directly incorporating similar breathing techniques as well, while some practices also stem from the Chinese Tai Chi tradition.
The primary goals of Taoist Yoga are: to increase the “vital energy” moving into and circulating within our bodies; to become aware of the subtleties of our body, breath and mind and understand their relationship to one another; and to increase our physical flexibility and strength, as well as gain smoothness and depth in breathing.
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Viniyoga
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Viniyoga is a gentle practice created by T.K.V. Desikachar, the son of Sri T. Krishnamacharya, whereby poses are synchronized with the breath in sequences determined by the individual needs of the practitioner.
Viniyoga makes use of modified yoga poses that can be designed to meet the specific needs of the individual, with the goal to enhance healing, flexibility and strength of joints. Practices may include pranayama, meditation, reflection, study and other classic elements, but the emphasis of Viniyoga is on coordinating breath and movement. Viniyoga’s flowing movement or vinyasa is similar to Ashtanga Vinyasa's dynamic series of poses, but is performed at a greatly reduced pace and stress level. Poses and flows are chosen to suit the student’s abilities, and thus, Viniyoga is usually taught privately, one on one, or in small groups.
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Vinyasa Yoga
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Vinyasa is a general term applied within many different styles of yoga. Vinyasa simply means “breath-synchronized movement”, which tends to involve a fairly vigorous action. Although a Vinyasa does not adhere to any specific sequence, it is usually based on the performance of a series of postures, which together are known as Surya Namaskara, or “Sun Salutations”.
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Yin Yoga
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Yin Yoga, developed by Paul Grilley, is a modern cross-discipline system of exercise that represents an application of Taoist analysis to the practice of Hatha Yoga.
The practice of Yin Yoga consists of postures selected to gently stretch and release the connective tissues around major joints, and put slight pressure on the joints themselves. Postures are performed with muscles held as relaxed as possible (body weight is used for leverage as needed), and are held anywhere from 2 min (beginners) to 10 min (more advanced practitioners).
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org
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Other
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Pranayama
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The sanskrit word Pranayama comes from the roots Prana (Universal energy), and Yama (to control). The literal definition of Pranayama then, is the “control (or holding onto) the Vital Force (Prana)”, most aptly via the breath, which makes Pranayama the practice of “breath control”. It is a conscious attempt to stabilize the flows of Prana and Apana (whose dynamic movements are intimately linked to the breath), and bring them into a state of “polarity” or “harmonious interaction”.
Pranayama is the fourth of the 8 stages of Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga. The practice of Pranayama is an essential component of Hatha Yoga, as well as other yoga disciplines, both at preliminary stages for purification and the development of awareness, as well as at higher, more subtle levels of practice. Thus, most modern schools of yoga incorporate at least some form or another of Pranayama techniques within their practices. These practices may range from simple breathing techniques for stress reduction and improved concentration, to practices for purification of the subtle body (energy body), to practices for the development of awareness and control of higher, subtle energies. Thus, the term Pranayama is used in a wide context by various practitioners and teachers, so one is advised to contact the yoga provider directly to gain specific information about the Pranayama practices that they teach.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Yoga Therapy
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Although the potential therapeutic application of yoga extends far beyond the physical — to the mental, emotional and spiritual health of the individual — today the term Yoga Therapy most often refers to specific programs tailored to the rehabilitation of certain physical ailments or diseases.
Yoga Therapy may take the form of group or individual sessions with a qualified yoga therapist. Approaches and programs can vary greatly according to the training and experience of the yoga therapist, and thus, one should contact the yoga therapy provider directly to gain specific information about their programs and practices.
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Meditation
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Today, the word Meditation is used in a variety of contexts. In yoga, Meditation is known by the sanskrit word, Dhyana. Dhyana is the 7th stage of Classical Ashtanga Yoga, which is characterized by a state of prolonged, spontaneous (free-flowing) concentration, whereby the sense of separation (ego self) has dissolved into a uniform state of oneness.
Meditation (Dhyana) is part of Samyama Yoga, or the inner stages of yoga, represented in Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga system as the 6th, 7th and 8th stages respectively of Dharana (concentration), Dhyana (absorption) and Samadhi (cosmic consciousness).
However, today the word Meditation is commonly used to refer to an array of practices which can include a variety of techniques for improving concentration, refining awareness, etc. Many schools and teachers have developed their own “brand” of Meditation designed to fulfill a specific purpose, from the simplest practices for stress reduction and relaxation, to higher processes extending into the realms of deeper awareness, inner peace and transformation. Thus, one should contact the yoga provider directly to gain specific information about the Meditation classes or programs that they offer.
Source: International Yogalayam, http://www.discover-yoga-online.com
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Ayurveda
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The science of Ayurveda, which springs forth from ancient traditions of India, is a profound and complex system for the development and maintenance of health. A sister science of yoga, its tenants operate in harmony with yoga’s system of understanding, and within the “Laws of Nature” and the truth of existence as observed by the great sages of old, who were known as Rishis.
Ayurveda can be literally translated as “the science of life”. Often it is thought of as a healing system, or an ancient medical science, but Ayurveda is also much more than this. Ayurveda is a way of life, a way of co-operating with nature and living in harmony with her. This complete system of knowledge was developed to give a comprehensive understanding of the entire Universe.
The Vedic sciences also includes astrology, yoga and meditation. Ayurveda can be seen as the Vedic branch that deals with the physical body. It includes herbal medicine, diet, bodywork, surgery, psychology and spirituality. While the yoga and meditation aspects of the Vedic system ultimately can be seen as paths to freedom from dependence on the world, Ayurveda was designed to allow for the most beneficial and healthy enjoyment of our time here on earth.
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Mantra Chanting
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A Mantra is a sound (syllable) or a word, or a group of words that are repeated verbally or mentally. The word Mantra comes from the root Man, or Manas, which means “mind”. In this context, we refer to mind not specifically as the faculty of thought, but rather as the “higher mind”; a “sixth sense” beyond the capacity of reason; that which is intimately connected with consciousness. The suffix Tra denotes a “tool”, and therefore, the term Mantra can be generally defined as a “tool of (for) the higher mind”.
Mantras, however, are not simply derived from just any words, phrases or sounds. They are very specific articulate sounds whose proper utterance leads to an awakening of the consciousness through the unification of the subconscious, the conscious mind and the Cosmic (Universal) Consciousness.
Mantra takes a prominent position in many of the rituals and practices of various spiritual traditions. These sacred utterances evoke, in a mysterious manner, higher powers and qualities within the unseen, un-manifest Universe. Through their use, it is possible to draw forth those higher powers or psychic forces, elevating and expanding the consciousness.
In order for the yogi to attain such a state of experience through Mantra, the body must be first harmonized and purified through the practice of asanas and kriyas; the breath (prana) and mind have to be harmonized through pranayama, and the power of concentration developed in order to unblock the psychic energies and attain awareness of the subtle pranic forces. Thus, Mantra represents an integral part of the systematic and comprehensive consciousness-expanding science of yoga.
On a material level, Mantras function to bring a sense of serenity and peace. They invigorate and uplift the Being and instilling one with a grander sense of the unity of all things and a closer feeling of connection to the greater whole – enhancing the intuitive faculty and bringing harmony, calmness and balance of thought.
The most profound, yet simple Mantra, the Pranava OM (AUM) is also known as “the name of God in sound”.
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Bhajans/Singing
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A Bhajan is a Hindu devotional song, upon which much importance is placed within the Bhakti Yoga tradition. Bhajans are often simple songs in lyrical language expressing emotions of love for the Divine, whether for a single God/Goddess, or any number of divinities.
Traditionally, the music has been Indian classical music, which is based on ragas and tala (rhythmic beat patterns) played on the Veena (Stringed instrument), Sarangi (bowed string instrument), Venu (flute), Mridanga or Tabla (Drums); all traditional Indian instruments.
Bhajans are sung in a group of devotees, with a designated lead singer. Anecdotes, episodes from the lives of Gods, preachings of saints and descriptions of Gods' glories are some of the subject of Bhajans.
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Seva
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Seva is a sanskrit word that can be loosely translated to mean “selfless service”. Seva usually takes the form of volunteer work at an ashram or within a religious or aid organization. Some yoga institutes, ashram or centers may offer Seva programs, whereby students can receive room and board and access to programs and facilities in exchange for volunteer duties.
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Additions and Changes to Yoga Descriptions:
Yogi Seeker is always interested in comments, feedback and suggestions concerning the
description of the Yoga Styles on our website. We do periodically update our Yoga Style
descriptions, and thus your input is valued and much appreciated. Please feel free to
send us an email that includes the name of the style and your suggested changes or
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The Editor,
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